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Xma^V 


MYCOLOGICAL 

G 

L 

O  S  S  A  R  Y 

OR  AID  TO  THE  STUDY  OF 

M_ 

u 

S   H   R   O   O  M   S 

PRICE  TWENTY-FIVE  CENTS 

W.  A.  KELLERMAN 

Columbus,  O. 

1905 


THIS  GLOSSARY 

was  printed  in  successive  num- 
bers of  the  Mycological  Bulle- 
tin, beginning  Jan.  1,  1905.  Only 
the  common  and  more  difficult 
terms  used  in  Mycology  are  in- 
cluded. Some  illustrations  are 
appended,  but  all  the  figures 
published  in  the  Mycological 
Bulletin  are  offered  in  illustra- 
tion. That  illustrated  semi- 
monthly publication  is  recom- 
mended to  all.  The  price  per 
year  is  25  cents. 


MYCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY 

Abbreviations:  nov.  gen.   (or  n.  g.),  new  genus;  n.  sp.,  new  species;  the 
Greek  letter  mu,  micron  or  one-thousandth  of  a  millimeter;  2-5xG 
-9"  means  2  to  5  by  6  to  9  "lines"  or  twelfths  of  an  inch. 
Aber'rant:     departing  somewhat  from  the  usual  form  or  type. 
Abstriction:  separation  by  constriction  near  the  end  as  in  conidia. 
Acer'vuli:    tufts  of  hyphae  bearing  spores. 
Acctab'uliform:    shape  of  a  shallow  bowl. 
Acic'uhr:    needle-shaped,   like  pine   leaves. 
Acrog'cnotis:    produced  at   the  top. 
Arrop'etal:     developing   from   base   toward   apex. 
Arit'hatc:    with  slender  point. 
Acuminate:    having  a  long-drawn-out  point. 

Aclnate:    growing  fast  to;  the  gills  attached  to  the  stem  as  in  the  Fig. 
Adncxcd:    said  of  gills  when  attached  slightly  or  by  the  upper  angle  only. 
Accid'ial  spores:   those  produced  in  the  Aecidium. 

Accid'itim:   the  first  fruiting  stage  of  the  Rusts,  as  the  Violet  Aecidium,  etc. 
Aethal'lium:    fruiting  plasmodium-like  mass  covered  with  a  cortex  in  case 

of  some  of  the  Slime-moulds. 
Ag'aric:    a  gill-bearing  mushroom. 
Agar'icoid:    like  an  Agaric,  or  mushroom-like. 
Allan'toid:    narrowly-oblong  or  sausage   shaped. 
Allia'ccovs:    with   odor  of  onions. 
Aluta'ceous:    of  pale  brown  color,  like  leather. 
Amor'phons:     without   definite   form. 
AmpJiig'enous:    produced  on  both   sides  or  all   around. 
Amyla'ceous:    starchy,  like  or  containing  starch. 
Am'ylum:    starch. 
Analogy:     resemblance    in    function    and   perhaps    in    external    form,    but 

fundamentally  different  in  structure  or  origin,  see  morphology. 
Anas'tomose:    to  run  together  irregularly  or  netlike. 
An'nulus:    the  ring  on  the  stem,  see  mushroom  for  illustration. 
Anterior:  said  of  the  end  of  the  lamella  next  to  the  margin. 
Apic'ulate:    having  a  short,  abrupt  point. 
Apic'ulus:    a  short  abrupt  point. 

Apothe'cium:    used  in  connection  with  the  Ascomycetes  where  the  fruc- 
tification   is    more   or   less    cup-shaped    and   having   the    hymenium 

(fruiting  surface)   on  its  concave  surface;  ascoma. 
Appcndic'ulatc:    v.'ith  an  appendage,  or  hanging  in  small  fragments. 
Ap'planate:    flattened  out  or  horizontally  expanded. 
Appresscd:  applied  closely  to  the  surface  or  to  each  other. 
Approximate:    said  of  gills  which  do  not  quite  reach  the  stem. 
Aqueous'    may  be  watery,  or  merely  lacking  color,  that  is,  hyaline. 
Araeh'noid:    like  a  cobweb,  as  is  the  veil  in  some  mushrooms. 
Are'olate:     divided   into   little   patches   or  areas. 
Argilla'ceous:    resembling  clay. 
Ascending:    said  of  lamellae  in  a  conical  pileus;  said  of  the  partial  veil 

in  its  young  stage  when  its  marginal  attachment  is  below  its  stem 

attachment. 
Ascig'erous:    bearing  asci. 

As'cocarp:  the  spore  cap  or  fructification  in  Ascomycetes. 
Asco'ma:  the  apothccium  or  fruiting  body  in  Lichens,  Pezizae,  etc. 
Ascomycc'tcs:    the  group  of  fungi  whose  spores  are  borne  in  asci. 
As'cos'porcs:  the  spores  borne  in  an  ascus. 
As'cus  (pi.  as'ci)  :   a  cell  in  which  spores  are  borne. 
As'tomous:    without  an  aperture  or  mouth. 
Atten'uate:    gradually  narrowed. 
Aurantia'ceous:    orange  colored. 
Au'reus:    golden;  yellow  with  a  tinge  of  red. 
Auric' tilatc:    ear  shaped. 
Auton'omous:    said  of  plants  that  arc  complete  in  themselves  and  rot  a 

part  only  of  the  life  cycle.  S^>40'^'i 


■^.  C,  S't' 


MYCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY 


Bad'ious:    bay,  chestnut  color,  or  reddish  brown. 

Basic! io nice' tes:   the  group  of  fungi  that  have  spores  borne  on  a  basidium. 

Basid'iosporc:    spores  borne  on  a  basidium. 

Basid'ium  (pi.  basidia) :  an  enlarged  cell  on  which  are  borne  spores. 

Basip'ctal:    proceeding  toward  the  base. 

Bay:    a  rich  dark  reddish  chestnut. 

Biloc'ular:    having  tv.o  cavities. 

Biog'cnous:    growing  on  living  plants  or  animals. 

Booted:    said  of  a  mushroom  stem  v/hen  encased  in  a  sheath. 

Boss:    an  umbo,  or  short  rounded  protuberance. 

Byssa'ceous  or  bysscid:    of  fmc  filaments  or  byssus. 

Bys'sus:    a  fine  filamentous  mass. 

Cacs'pitosc:    growing  in  tufts  or  clumps. 

Cai:ipan'ulatc:    bell  shaped. 

Can'ccllate:    latticed. 

Cancs'cent:    having  whitish  or  hoary  pubescence. 

Cap:    pileus  of  mushrooms. 

CapiUi'iium:  capillary  threads  mixed  with  the  spores  in  case  of  some 
species. 

Carbonaceous:    rigid,  black  and  brittle. 

Car'inate:    with  a  keel  or  longitudinal  line. 

Car'ncotts:    fiesh  color. 

Car' nose:    flesh  color 

Casfan'cus:    chestnut  color. 

Can' date:    having  a  slender  or  tail-like  appendage. 

CauUc'olous:    growing  on  herbaceous  or  woody  stems. 

Cell:  the  minute  living  mass  of  protoplasm  which  is  the  unit  of  structure 
in  organisms.  The  vegetable  cell  has  a  cell-wall  in  case  of  mush- 
rooms and  common  plants. 

Cel'liilar:    composed  of  cells. 

Cel'lulose:  the  chemical  substance  (a  carbohydrate)  of  which  the  vege- 
table cell-wall  is  composed. 

Cera'ceous:    like  wax. 

Cere'briform :    brain-shaped. 

Ces'pitose:  growing  in  tufts  or  clumps. 

Chartaceoiis:    like  paper. 

Chlam'ydospores:  resting  spores  in  rows  form.ed  by  the  breaking  up  of  a 
hypha  into  bead-like  cells. 

Cil'ia  (plural  of  cilium) :    marginal  hairs  or  hair-like  projections. 

Cil'iate:    with  cilia. 

Cine'reous:    light  bluish-gray,  or  ash-gray. 

Circumscis'sile:    breaking  at  or  near  the  middle  on  equatorial  line. 

Clath'ratc:    latticed. 

Cla'vate  or  Cla7''iform:    club-shaped,  thickened  tov^^ard  top. 

Cluster-cups:    the  first  stage  (Aecidinm)  of  the  Rusts. 

Col' hid:    like  glue  or  jelly,  not  crystalline. 

Columel'la:    a  stalk  extended  into  or  through  a  spore  case 

Comatc,  comose,  comniis:    with  a  tuft  of  silky  hairs,  or  hairy. 

Com'planate:    flattened  to  a  level  surface  above  and  below. 

Concat'enate:    linked  together  in  a  chain. 

Concep'tacle:    a  closed  spore-receptacle. 

Concol'orous:    of  a   uniform  color. 

Concres'cent:    growing  together. 

Concrete:   grown  together. 

Confer'void:    loose  and  filamentous,  like    the   alga  Conferva. 

Conid'ia:   plural  of  condiiim. 

Conid'ial:    pertaining  to  conidia. 

Couidiif'crous:    bearing  conidia. 

Conid'iophorc:    a  hypha  bearing  conidia. 

Conid'ium:  a  spore  (non-sexual)  arising  singly  or  in  chains  from  the  ends 
of  a  hypha  or  hyphal  branches. 

Con'text:    texture,  substance. 

Continuous:    non-septate,  applied  to  hyphac  or  spores  that  have  no  septa. 


MYCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY 


Coriaceous:    of  a   leathery   texture. 

Cor'neous:    of  a  horny  texture. 

Cor' tax:    outer,  rind-like  layer. 

Cor'ticular:    pertaining  1o  or  with  a  cortex. 

Corti'na:    the  web-like  veil  of  the  genus  Cortinarius. 

Coy'tiiiatc:    with  a  cortina. 

Cos'tafe:    with  a  ridge  or  ridges. 

Crate' rifonn:     saucer-shaped,   basin   or  crater-shaped. 

Cre'nate:    notched,  indented  or  scalloped  at  the  edge. 

Crcta'ceous:    chalky  or  the  color  of  chalk. 

Crib'rate:    sieve-like,  or  with  small  holes. 

Cii'nite:    with   a  tuft   of  long  weak  hairs. 

Cn's'tatc:    crested. 

Crusla'ccous:    of  hard  and  brittle  texture. 

Cryp'togaiii:  an  old  name  for  the  "lower  plants"  or  all  those  not  included 
in  the  spcrmatophytcs  or  flovvcring  plants. 

Cii'neatc :    wedee-shaped. 

Cus'pidaic :    wiih  a  cusp  or  sharp  point. 

Cu'ticlc:    distinct   skin-like   layer   or  epidermis. 

Cyatli'ifonn:    cup-tliaped,  slightly  widened  at  top. 

Cym'biforui:   boat-shaped. 

Cyst:    a  bladder-like  cell  or  cavity. 

Cystid'ium  (pi.  cy.^lidia) :  sterile  cells  of  the  hymenitim,  usually  bladder- 
like, and  different  from  the  basidia. 

Decur'rent:    said  of  gills  that  are  prolonged  down  the  stem. 

Deliquescent:    melting  down,  becoming  liquid  at  maturity. 

Den'droid:    shaped  like  a  tree. 

Den' tat e:    toothed. 

Dentic'itlate:    with  small  teeth. 

Descending:  applied  to  the  veil  in  a  young  stage  when  its  marginal  attach- 
ment is  belGV\7  its  stem  attachment. 

Diagno'sis:    a  technical  d^^scription. 

Diaph'anous:    transparent  or  permitting  passage  of  light. 

Dichoi'omous:    leja'-larly  forked  into  two. 

Dic'tyoid:    the  same  as  muriform. 

Did' vinous:    of  two  equal  parts. 

Diffluent:    dissolving  into  a  fluid,  as  of  the  gills. 

Dif'forin:     not   uniform. 

Dimidiate:  halved,  as  a  semi-circular  sessile  pileus  attached  to  the  plane 
edge;  or  a  perithecium  with  the  lower  half  wanting. 

Div.iorph'ic:    existing  in  two  forms. 

Disc  (disk):  the  hymenial  surface,  usually  cup-shaped,  of  the  Discomy- 
cctes. 

Discomyce'tes:    the  Ascomycetes  with  hymenium  exposed. 

Dis'crctc:    distinct,  not  united. 

Divar'icatc:    diverging  widely. 

Ebcn'cous:    ebony  black. 

Ebur'neous:    ivory  white. 

Eccentric:    excentric,  as  stem  not  attached  at  center  of  pileu' 

Ecli'inate:     with   stiff  bristles. 

Echin'ulate:    with  minute  processes. 

Effused:    spread  over  and  without  regular  form. 

E.gg:  applied  to  the  young  mushroom  before  the  volva  has  ruptured  in 
Phalloids,  Amanitas,  etc. 

Egut'tulate:     without  guttae  or  guttulae. 

Emar'ginate:  with  a  notch;  gills  may  be  emarginate  or  with  a  sinus  or 
notch  near  the  stem. 

Endoperid'ium:    an  inner  layer  of  the  peridiurr 

En'dosporc:    the  inner  coat  or  wall  of  a  spore. 

Entontog'enous-    growing  from  insects. 

Epider'mis:    a  distinct  outer  layer. 

Epig'enous:    growing  on  the  surface  of  a  plant 

Epigae'us:    growing  on  the  ground. 


MYCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY 


Epit'Iiyl'Ius:    growing  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf. 

Ep'ispore:    the  inner  coat  or  wall  of  a  spore. 

Epithe'ciiim:  the  layer  sometimes  formed  on  a  hymenium  by  the  union 
of  the  tips  of  paraphyses  above  the  asci. 

Epix'ylous:    growing  on  wood. 

Eniiii' pent :  breal:ing  through  the  epidermis  or  through  the  surface  of 
the  matrix. 

Exccn'tric:    out  of  the  center;  as  stem  not  attached  to  center  of  pileus. 

Excip'ulum:    outer  layer  of  an  Apothccinm. 

Exoperid'iuin:    outer  layer  of  the  peridium. 

Ex' OS  pore:    the  outer  coat  or  wall  of  a  spore. 

Ex'planale:    flattened,  expanded. 

Exser'ted:    projecting;   standing  out. 

Exsicca'ti:    dried  specimens;  sets  of  specimens. 

Facultotivc-pc.vasitc:  a  fungus  normally  saprophytic  but  which  may  live 
for  a  time  or  a  part  of  its  life  cycle  as  a  parasite. 

Facidtative-saprophytc:  a  fungus  normally  parasitic  but  which  may  live 
for  a  time  or  a  part  of  its  life  cycle  as  a  saprophyte. 

Falcate:   hooked  or  curved  like  a  scythe. 

Farina' ccous:    mealy. 

Far'inosc:    coveret'.  v.ith  a  white  mealy  powder. 

Fcrrii'ginotis:    rust-red. 

FiUforin :    thread-like. 

Fim'briate:    fringed. 

Fis'tul  >sc:    with  stem  hollow,  or  becoming  hollow. 

Flah'cUate:    fan-shaped. 

Flabcl'lifcnii :    fan-shaped. 

Flac'cid:    soft  and  flabby. 

Flaves'ccnt:    turning  yellow  or  yellowish. 

Floe' cose:    woolly,  with  woolly  locks  or  flocci. 

Floc'cvAose:     minutely   fluccosc. 

Fo'veate:    with  pits  on   depressions. 

Fove'olate:    with  small  pits. 

Free:    said  of  gills  not  attached  to  the  stem. 

Fri'ahle:    easily  crumbling. 

Fuga'crovs:    falling  or  fading  early,   disappearing. 

FuUgin'cGUS,  fulig'inotis:    sooty-brown  or  dark  smoke  coior. 

Ful'z'ous:    tawny,  yellowish-brown  tint. 

Fuyi'gtis  (pi.  fungi) :  mushrooms  and  other  "low"  plants  that  are  of  simple 
structure,  destitute  of  chlorophyll  and  consequently  must  live  as  para- 
sites or  sapropb.ytes. 

Furfura' ccous:    with  brown  scales. 

Fus'coiis:    dingy,  brownish,  or  brown  tinged  with  gray. 

Fu'siform :    spindle-shaped. 

Fiisoid:    like  a  spindle;  fusiform. 

Gasteromyce'tes:  those  Basidioinycetcs  in  which  the  hymenium  is  enclosed 
in  a  sack-like  envelope,  as  the  Puffballs. 

Ge'nus:   a  group  of  closely  related  species. 

Gib'bous:    swollen  at  one  point. 

Gills:  the  lamellae  or  plates  in  an  Agaric  on  which  the  basidiospores  are 
borne. 

Glab'roiis:    smooth,  devoid  of  pubescence  or  hairiness. 

GJau'cous:    with  a  whitish   waxy  bloom. 

Gle'ba:  in  Gasteromycetes  the  spore-bearing  cavernous  tissue,  as  the  Puff- 
balls  and   Phalloids. 

Gonid'inm:  same  as  Conidium,  but  formerly  used  only  for  the  green  bodies 
(algae)   in  the  tissue  of  Lichens. 

Grega'rious:  said  of  Mushrooms  not  solitary,  but  many  in  a  locality  grow- 
ing together,  yet  not  caespitose. 

Gut'ta  (pi.  gultac) :    drops  or  included  oil-globules. 

Gut'laic:    with  tear-like  drops  or  guttae. 

Gnt'tida   (pi.  gnttulac) :  small  drops  or  minute  included  oil-globules. 

Gut'tulate:    with  guttulae. 


MYCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY 


Gymnocar'poiis:   with  exposed  hymenium  at  maturity. 

Gyrate,  gyrosc:  wavy  folds  or  like  the  brain  convolutions. 

Hab'itat:  the  natural  place  of  growth  of  a  plant. 

Hausto'rium   (pi.  haustoria) :    a  special  branch  of  a  hypha  or  projection 

that  acts  as  a  sucker  and  holdfast  for  a  parasitic  fungus. 
Het'croecism:    living  on  more  than  one  host  during  the   life-cycle;   for 

example  one  Wheat  Rust  has  its  first  stage  on  Barberry  leaves. 
Hir'siite:    with  stiff  hairs. 

Host:    the  plant  or  animal  on  which  a  parasitic  fungus  grows. 
Homol'ogons:    said  of  parts  having  fundamental  likeness  in  structure  or 
of    corresponding    origin;    analogy    refers    to    similarity    merely    in 
function ;  homology  takes  into  account  only  structure  and  origin. 

Hy' aline:    transparent,  clear  like  glass. 
Hygronict'ric:     readily  absorbing  water. 

Hygroph' annus:   watery  appearance  when  moist,  but  opaque  when  dry. 

Hygroscop'ic:    absorbing  moisture  from  the  air. 

Hyme'nium:   the  fruit-bearing  (spore-bearing)  surface. 

Hymenomycc'tcs:    those  Basidiomycetous  fungi  which  have  the  hymenium 
exposed. 

Hy'mcnophore:    the  portion  which  bears  the  hymenium. 

Hy'pha  (pi.  hyphae) :   one  of  the  elongated  cells  or  filaments  of  which  the 
fungus  is  composed. 

Hy'phal:    pertaining  to  a  hypha. 

Hyphoniycct'cs-    the  "imperfect  fungi"  whose  conidia  are  borne  on  super- 
ficial often  floccose  hyphae,  pycnidia  absent. 

Hypocratc'riform:   of  the  form  of  a  cylindrical  cup  with  outwardly  turned 
margin ;    salver-form. 

Hypogae'ons:    below  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

Hypog'enous:    growing  on  the  under  side. 

Hypophyl'lons:   growing  on  the  under  side  of  a  leaf. 

Hypothal'lus:    a  membranous  or  fleshy  base  to  perithecia  or  sporangia. 

Hypothe'cium:    the  hyphal  layer  beneath  the  hymenium. 

Hyste'rioid:   elongate  boat-shaped,  like  one  of  the  group  of  Hysteriaceae. 

Ini'bricate:    overlapping  like  shingles. 

Imperfect  fungi:    those  fruiting  stages  of  fungi  which  precede  the  form 
that  represents  the  final  stage  in  the  life-cycle  of  the  species. 

Incar'nate:    flesh-colored. 

hide  his' cent:    not  opening  at  maturity  as  an  indehiscent  peridium. 

Indn'siiim:    in  Phalloids  it  is  the  veil  beneath  the  pileus. 

Inferior:   as  the  ring  of  an  Agaric  far  down  on  the  stem. 

Infundib'uliform :    funnel-shaped. 

Innate:   within  or  blending  with  the  substance  of  a  part. 

Insiti'tious:    inserted. 

Infer' calary:     inserted   between. 

In' tercel  hilar:    between  cells. 

In'fracel'lular:    within  the  cell. 

Intuiiies'cent:    becoming  swollen. 

Invag'inated:    sheathed. 

In'volute:    rolled  inwards. 

Isahel'line:    color  of  sole  leather,  brownish  yellow. 

Lac'cate:   varnished  or  coated  as  with  ceiling  wax. 

Lacerate:  irregularly  torn. 

Laciniate:    cut  into  many  lobes  or  threads. 

Lactes'ccnt:  with  milky  juice. 

Lacu'na:   a  pit  or  cavity. 

Lac'unose:    pitted. 

Lamcl'la  (pi.  lamellae) :   gill  of  a  mushroom  bearing  the  hymenium. 

La'nate:    woolly. 

Lateri'cious:    of  brick  color. 

La'tex:    milky  juice  of  plants. 

Laticif'erous:    bearing  latex. 

Lax:   not  compact,  flaccid. 

Lep'idotc:    scurfy  with  minute  scales. 


^[YCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY 


Lcucospor'ae:    the  group  of  Agarics  that  have  white  spores. 

jLev'igatc:    with  a  polished  surface. 

Lig'nutile:    growing  on  wood. 

Ligneous:    growing  on  wood. 

Lig'ulatc:    flattened  and  strap-like. 

Liv'id:    bluish-black,  color  of  a  flesh  bruise. 

Loc'ular:  divided  into  cavities;  as  trilocular,  three  cavities. 

Lu'men:    cavity;  cavity  formed  by  cell  wall. 

Lii'rid:    color  between  purple,  yellow  and  gray;  dirty  brown. 

Lu'tcous:    yellowish ;  buff-like  or  clay  color. 

Lutes' cent:    yellowish;   becoming  luteous. 

Mae'ulatc:    spotted. 

Mam'miform:    breast-like;  teat-like. 

Marginal  veil:   in  Agarics  the  veil  extending  from  margin  of  pileus  to  stem. 

Matrix:    the  substance  on  which  or  in  which  a  fungus  grows. 

Mc'dial:    as  of  an  annulus  when  at  the  middle  of  the  stem. 

Medulla:    inner  substance  extending  to  the  cortical  portion. 

Mclanospo'rae:    the  black-spored  Agarics. 

Mcris'nidid:    like  Mcrisma,  that  is,  a  pileus  divided  into  many  small  pilci. 

Mcs'opod:    a  plant  having  a  central  stem. 

Mica'ceoiis:    covered  with  glistening  scales. 

Mic'ron  (pi.  micra  or  microns):  the  m  or  one-thousandth  of  a  millimeter; 
it  is  nearly  .00004  of  an  inch. 

Mil'Umcter:  the  thousandth  of  a  meter,  and  a  thousand  micra,  or  ^^■, 
nearly  one  twenty-fifth  of  an  inch. 

Min'iate:   vivid  red  or  vermillion  color. 

Mi'trate,  Mitriform:    bonnet-shaped,  mitre-shaped. 

Mold,  mould:  may  refer  to  fine  organic  earth  as  leaf-mold,  or  to  the  com- 
mon fungi  on  foods,  etc.,  as  Penicillium,  Mucor,  etc. 

Monil'iform:    like  a  string  of  beads. 

Morphology:  this  as  contrasted  with  Physiology  (which  deals  with  func- 
tion) refers  to  structure  of  parts,  particularly  their  interpretation  as 
based  on  their  origin  and  development. 

Muce'dinous:    resembling  the  mildews  or  moulds. 

Mu'cro:    a  short  abrupt  point. 

Mu'cronafe:    with  a  short  abrupt  point. 

Multipar'tite:    divided  into  many  parts. 

Mulfiscp'tate:    having  many  partitions  or  septa. 

Mu'ricate:    covered  with  short  hard  points. 

Muric'ulate:    finely  muricate. 

Mu'riform:  descriptive  of  spores  that  have  septa  at  right  angles  to  each 
other,  or  like  bricks  in  a  wall. 

Mu'rine  or  murinoiis:    mouse-colored. 

Mushroom:  a  word  used  for  all  the  conspicuous  higher  fungi;  the  term 
is  not  properly  confined  to  the  edible  toadstools. 

Myc-  (mycet-  or  myco-)  :    is  a  prefix  meaning  fungus. 

Myce'lium:  the  mass  of  hypae  or  threads  (elongated  cells)  of  which  the 
tissue  of  fungi  is  composed,  especially  the  visible  mat  of  hj'phae  of 
the  moulds,  etc. 

Myce'lioid:    like  mycelium. 

Mycology:    the  division  of  botany  which  treats  of  fungi. 

Mycologist:    one  versed  in  mycology. 

Mycoph' agist:    one  who  eats  fungi. 

Ni'tid,  nitidous:    shining,  polished. 

Nif'cous:    snow-white. 

Nu'cleus:   the  central  dense  and  very  complex  part  of  the  protoplasm. 

Obligate-parasitc:  one  that  can  grow  only  as  a  parasite;  see  Facultative- 
parasite. 

Obligatc-saprophytc :  one  that  can  grow  only  as  a  saprophyte;  see  Facul- 
tative-saprophyte. 

Ochrospor'oe:    the  Agarics  that  have  ocher-colored  or  brownish  spores. 

Oo' spore:  a  spore  resulting  from  the  act  of  fecundation,  usually  a  resting- 
sporc;   egg-spore. 


MYCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY 


Opcr'ciilaie:   with  an  operculum  or  lid. 
Opcr'culuni:    lid  of  a  spore-case. 
Os'tiolate:    with  an  ostiolum. 

Os'tiolc,  os'tiolum:    orifice  for  exit  of  spores;  mouth  of  perithecium. 
Pallid:    pale  or  of  an  undecided  color. 
f'    Papil'lose:    with  minute  rounded  projections. 
*H#-  Paraph' ysatc:    with  paraphyses. 

Paraph'yscs:   slender  cells,  often  clavate,  etc.,  mixed  with  the  asci,  and  are 

apparently   sterile  asci. 
Par'asitc:    a  plant  that  receives  its  nourishment  direct  from  living  plants 

or  animals  to   which  it  is  attached. 
Pari'ctal:    pertaining  to  or  on  the  wall. 
Partial  veil:    in  Agarics  the  veil   reaching  only  from  the  margin  of  the 

pilcus  to  the  stem. 
Patcl'late:    shape  of  a  dish  or  pan  (patella). 
Patcl'liform:    shape  of  the  patella  or  pan. 
Pcc'tinate:    v.ith  teeth  like  a  comb. 
Pcl'liclc:    a  very  thin  skin  or  cuticle. 
PcUu  cid:    translucent. 

Pcridio'him:     a   secondary   or   interior   peridium. 
Pcrid'ittvi:    the  outer  coat  of  a  sporophore,  as  the  covering  in  case  of 

Pufifballs,   Geasters,   etc. 
Pcrithc'cium    (pi.  pcritJiccia) :    a  globular  or  otherwise-shaped  receptacle 

in  which  asci   (and  ascopores)   are  produced;  it  may  be  closed  or 

open  above ;  ascoma,  ascocarp,  etc. 
Pcr'onate:   sheathed. 

Pczi'zoid:    cup-shaped  or  resembling  a  Peziza. 

PhycGinycc'tcs:    The  Algal-fungi,  as  Grape   Mildew    (Peronospora),   etc. 
Plicate:    having  a  cap  or  pileus. 
Pi' lens:     the   cap-like    or   umbrella-like   portion   of   an   Ag'aric   or   other 

mushrooms ;  the  pileus  with  the  stem  supporting  it  is  the  sporophore 

or  so-called  fructification. 
Pilif'erous:    covered  with  soft  hairs. 
Placen'tiform:    shape  of  a  circular  disk  depressed  above  and  below  in  the 

middle. 
Plasvw'diuin:    the  motile  protoplasmic  mass   representing  the  vegetative 

stage  of  the  slime-moulds. 
Pli'catc:    folded  like  a  fan. 
Phtni'brov.s:    lead-color,  bluish-gray. 
Poculiform:   cup-shaped. 

Pore:    in  the  Pyrenomycctcs  same  as  ostiole  or  ostiolum. 
Porrect  :    stretched  horizontally. 
Posterior:    in  case  of  the  gills  of  the  Agarics,  denotes  the  point  next  to 

the  stem;  that  is,  the  posterior  end  is  that  next  to  the  stipe. 
Pro'toplasm:   the  living  nitrogenous  mass  of  the  cell  which  is  the  physical 

basis  of  life. 
Pubes'ceut:    with  short  hairs. 
Pnl'vinatc:    cushion-shaped. 
Punctate:    dotted. 

Pus'tular:    with  elevations  like  blisters  or  pustules. 
Putrcs'cent:    soon  decaying. 
Pycnidial  spores:    sporules,  or  the    'spores'     (not   ascospores)    found   in 

pycnidia. 
Pycnidiiim    (pi.  pycnidia)  :   a  pcrithccium-like  ascocarp  or  body  in  which 

sporules  are  produced. 
Pyrenomyce'tes:     the     Ascomycetes     with     enclosed    or   nearly    enclosed 

hymenium. 
Rccep'tacle:    the  part  of  the  sporophore  that  contains  the  spores. 
Remote' :    said  of  gills  that  do  not  reach  the  stem. 
Rc'pand:    wavy. 
Re' plicate:    folded  back-  upon  itself. 


10  MYCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY 

Rcsu'pinatc:    attached  by  the  back,  hence  the  hymenium  facing  outwards; 

in  this  case  there  is  no  stem  to  the  fungus  which  is  spread  over  the 

matrix ;  applied  to  the  Polypori,  etc. 
Rev'olutc:    rolled  backward. 
Rhi'somorphs:    the  dark  root-like  mesh  of  mycelial  cords  often  seen  in 

rotten    wood    which    represents    the    vegetative    (perhaps    resting) 

stage  of  Agarics,  etc. 
Rhodospo'rac:   the  pink  or  rosy  spored  Agarics. 
Ri'mose  or  rimous:  full  of  cracks. 
Ring:    the  part  of  the  partial-veil  that  adheres  to  the  stem  of  an  Agaric; 

annulus. 
Ros' irate:    beaked. 

Rubes' cent:    somewhat  reddish  in  color. 
Rufes'cent:    of  a  dull  red  color,  or  becoming  rufous. 
Rugose:  wrinkled. 
Sangnin'eous:    blood-colored. 
Sap'rophyte:    a  fungus  that  draws  its  nourishment  from  dead  vegetable 

or  animal  matter. 
Scah'rous:   with  a  rough  surface. 

Scis'sile:    easily  split;  said  of  gills  readily  separable  into  two  plates. 
Sclera' tium:    a  hard  black  mass,  sometimes  resembling  a  tuber,  which  is 

the  dormant  or  resting  vegetative  stage  of  some  fungi,  and  from 

which  later  sporophores  may  arise. 
Scorhic'tilatc:    with  small  pits  or  furrows. 
Scii'tcllate:    like  a  plate  or  platter. 
Se'pia:   deep  dark  reddish  brovv^n. 
Scp'tatc:    having  partitions. 
Sep' turn:    a  partition. 
Seri'ceous:    silky. 

Serrate:    margin  with  saw-like  teeth. 
Ser'rulate:    minutely  serrate. 

Ses'silc:    attached  directly  to  the  base;  without  stem. 
Se'ta :    a  bristle  or  stiff  hair. 
Sefa'ccous,  seti'gerous,  or  sr'tosc:    bri.stly. 
Set'ulose:    finely  setaceous. 
Sig'moid:    S-shaped. 

Sinuate,  sinuose;  sinuous:    waved  or  serpentine. 
Si'nus:    the  curve  between  two  lobes. 

Smooth:    destitute  of  hairs   (not  necessarily  an  even  surface). 
Sordid:    of  a  dirty  dingy  hue. 
Spadic'eous:    date-brown,  i.  e.,  a  dull  dark  brown. 
SpatJi'ulate:    shaped  like  a  spathula  or  spoon. 
Spat'iilate:    shaped  like  a  spatula  or  spoon. 
Species:    a  group  of  individuals  that  are  alike  or  of  one  kind. 
Spic'ule:   a  minute  point  or  slender  granule. 
Spin'nle:    a  small  spine  or  slender  prickle. 
Spore:    the  minute  simple  reproductive  body  of  the  Mushrooms  and  other 

plants  similar  in   function  to  the  seed  or  complex   structure  of  the 

common  plants.    The  terms  spore,  sporule,  sporidium,  conidium,  etc., 

are  often  used  indiscriminately. 
Spo'rocarp:   the  fruiting  portion  (not  the  vegetative  part)  of  the  Ascomy- 

cetes. 
Sporid'ium:  see  spore. 

Spo'rophore:    the  hypha  or  other  part  that  bears  spores. 
Sporule:   see  spore. 
Squa'ma:    a  scale. 

Sqna'mose,  squamous:    scale-like  or  with  scales. 
Squa'mula:    a  little  scale. 

SquamuJose,  sqnamulous:   with  small  scales  or  squamae. 
Squar'rose:    rough  with  scales  or  projecting  points. 

Sterig'ma  (pi.  stcrig'matn) :   a  little  stalk  on  a  basidium  bearing  the  spore. 
Stipe:    the  stem  of  a  mushroom. 
Sti'pitafe:    with  a  stipe,  or  stem. 
Sto'ma    (pi.  stomafa)  :    an  opening  or  mouth. 


MYCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY  11 

Straight:   a  term  applied  to  the  edge  of  a  pileus  when  not  involute. 

Strami'neous:    of  straw  or  straw-color. 

Stra'tose:    in  distinct  strata  or  layers. 

Stri'ate:   marked  with  parallel  lines,  or  striae. 

Strobil'oform:    like  a  pine  cone. 

Stro'ma  (pi.  stro'mata)  :  a  compact  mycelium  on  or  in  which  perithecia 
or  other  organs  of  fructification  are  produced. 

Stuffed:  said  of  a  mushroom  stem  if  filled  within  by  material  of  a  texture 
different  from  that  of  the  wall. 

Snb-gleba:    the  basal  portion  of  the  gleba. 

Subic'uhun:  a  layer  of  hyphae  covering  the  matrix  and  over  which  is  the 
hymenium. 

Substratum:    the  matrix,  or  that  on  which  the  mushroom  grows. 

S III' cat c:    with  furrows  or  grooves. 

Superior:    said  of  the  ring  or  annulus  when  near  upper  end  of  stem. 

Symbio'sis:   living  together  of  two  organisms  in  mutual  dependence. 

Tcleu'tospore:  the  thick-walled  winter  spore,  or  end-spore  in  a  series  of 
the  life-cycle  of  polymorphic  forms,  for  example,  the  winter  spores 
of  the  Rusts. 

Tes'selated:    checkered  in  a  regular  manner. 

Tcsta'ceous:    brick-red. 

Thal'lophyte:  one  of  the  lower  plants  whose  body  is  a  Thallus  (not  differ- 
entiated into  stem,  leaf,  etc.). 

Toad'stool:  any  one  of  the  common  conspicuous  fungi;  same  as  Mush- 
room; may  be  poisonous  or  non-poisonous,  edible  or  inedible. 

To'rose:    swollen  at  intervals. 

Tra'via:   the  interior  portion  of  the  gills  or  pileus. 

Trciiiel'loid:    gelatinous  or  stiff  jelly-like,  as  a  Tremella. 

Tii'mid:    slightly  swollen. 

Vmbil'icate:   with  a  rounded  pit  or  central  depression. 

Um'bo:    central  elevation  as  on  the  cap  of  some  Mushrooms. 

Uni'bonatc:    with  an  umbo. 

Jliicqual:    applied  to  gills  of  unequal  length. 

Universal  veil:    a  volva  which  entirely  envelopes  the  plant  when  young. 

Urc'do:    the  second  stage  in  the  life  cycle  of  rusts;  red  Rust. 

Ure'dospore:  a  thin-walled  summer  spore  produced  by  the  Urcdo,  or  stage 
of  the  group  of  Rusts  preceding  the  teleutospore-bearing. 

Vaginate:    having  a  sheath. 

Veil:  a  covering  of  a  part  or  all  of  the  fungus;  see  Partial  Veil,  Uni- 
versal veil. 

Vcn'tricose:    swollen  in  the  middle. 

Vcr'nicose:    appearing  as  if  varnished. 

J^er'rucosc:    coveerd  with  warts  or  small  elevations. 

I'crru'ciform:    same  as  verrucose. 

J'es'icle:    a  bladder-like  cavaity,  or  a  cell. 

Vesicular,  vcsiculose:    full  of  rounded  cavities  or  vescicles. 

Vol'va:  a  wrapper  or  envelope  which  at  first  covers  the  entire  young  plant; 
a  universal  veil ;  it  may  remain  as  a  cup  at  the  base  of  the  Mush- 
room, or  be  broken  up  in  fragments  distributed  over  the  cap  and 
base  of  stem. 

Zonate:    marked  with  zones  or  concentric  bands  of  color. 


12  MYCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY 

Terms  Illustrated  in  the  Plate.— The  following  mycological  terms 
are  illustrated  on  the  accompanying  plate : 

Adnate,  Agaric,  Annnlus,  Ascosporcs,  Asms, 

Basidiosporcs,  Basidium, 

Cap,  Capillitium,  Cell,  Conidiophorcs,  Cysttdium, 

Decurrent, 

Gills, 

Hymcuium,  Hyphac, 

Involute,  J 

Lamella, 

Mushroom, 

Plasmodium,  Protoplasm, 

Revolute,  Ring, 

Sinuate,  Spore,  Stcrigma.  Superior, 

Toadstool,  Trama, 

Umbilicaie,  Umbo,  Umhonate, 

Vesciculose,  Volva. 

A  Plate  to  Illustrate  the  Slime  Moulds. — A  portion  of  a  Plas- 
modium highly  magnified,  and  a  single  species  more  or  less  magnified  of 
each  of  the  common  genera  of  Myxomycetes  or  Slime  Moulds,  are  given. 
These  are  diagrammatic  figures  mostly  adapted  from  plates  in  Macbride's 
North  American  Slime  Moulds. 


MYCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY 


13 


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Mycological  Terms  Illustrated. 


MYCOLOGICAL  GLOSSARY 


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Library 
N.  C,  State  CoUesrd 


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